{
"question_no": 1,
"exam": "NCERT",
"question": "Since the dawn of civilisation, there have been many attempts to classify living organisms. It was done instinctively not using criteria that were scientific but borne out of a need to use organisms for our own use - for food, shelter and clothing. _________ was the earliest to attempt a more scientific basis for classification?",
"options": [
"Charles Darwin",
"Carolus Linnaeus",
"Aristotle",
"Gregor Mendel"
],
"answer": 3,
"explanation": "According to NCERT, Aristotle was the earliest to attempt a more scientific basis for classification."
}
{
"question_no": 2,
"exam": "NCERT",
"question": "Aristotle used simple morphological characters to classify plants into _____________.",
"options": [
"Trees, shrubs and herbs",
"Monocots and dicots",
"Bryophytes, pteridophytes and gymnosperms",
"Annuals, biennials and perennials"
],
"answer": 1,
"explanation": "According to NCERT, Aristotle used simple morphological characters to classify plants into trees, shrubs and herbs."
}
{
"question_no": 3,
"exam": "NCERT",
"question": "Aristotle also divided animals into two groups, those which had _____________ and those that did not.",
"options": [
"Scales",
"Wings",
"Red blood",
"Backbone"
],
"answer": 3,
"explanation": "According to NCERT, Aristotle divided animals into two groups: those which had red blood and those that did not."
}
{
"question_no": 4,
"exam": "NCERT",
"question": "In _____________ time, a Two Kingdom system of classification with Plantae and Animalia kingdoms was developed that included all plants and animals respectively.",
"options": [
"Aristotle's",
"Darwin's",
"Linnaeus'",
"Mendel's"
],
"answer": 3,
"explanation": "Linnaeus proposed the Two Kingdom classification system, placing all known organisms into Plantae and Animalia."
}
{
"question_no": 5,
"exam": "NCERT",
"question": "_____________ system did not distinguish between the eukaryotes and prokaryotes, unicellular and multicellular organisms, and photosynthetic (green algae) and non-photosynthetic (fungi) organisms.",
"options": [
"Five Kingdom",
"Three Domain",
"Two Kingdom",
"Six Kingdom"
],
"answer": 3,
"explanation": "The Two Kingdom system grouped diverse organisms together without considering important differences in cell type, body organization, and mode of nutrition."
}
{
"question_no": 6,
"exam": "NCERT",
"question": "Classification of organisms into plants and animals was easily done and was easy to understand, but a large number of organisms did not fall into either category. Hence, the two kingdom classification used for a long time was found _____________.",
"options": [
"accurate",
"adequate",
"inadequate",
"universal"
],
"answer": 3,
"explanation": "Many organisms could not be properly placed under Plantae or Animalia, making the Two Kingdom system insufficient."
}
{
"question_no": 7,
"exam": "NCERT",
"question": "Besides gross morphology, a need was also felt for including other characteristics like _____________.",
"options": [
"Cell structure, nature of wall, mode of nutrition, habitat, methods of reproduction, evolutionary relationships, etc.",
"Body size, colour, lifespan, migration pattern and behaviour",
"Economic importance, medicinal value and geographical distribution",
"Respiration, circulation, excretion and locomotion only"
],
"answer": 1,
"explanation": "Modern classification considers multiple characteristics such as cell structure, nutrition, reproduction and evolutionary relationships for better grouping of organisms."
}
{
"question_no": 8,
"exam": "NCERT",
"question": "Classification systems for the living organisms have hence, undergone several changes over the time. Though plant and animal kingdoms have been a constant under all different systems, the understanding of what groups/organisms be included under these kingdoms have been changing; the number and nature of other kingdoms have also been understood differently by different scientists over the time. _____________ proposed the Five Kingdom Classification.",
"options": [
"Carolus Linnaeus",
"Aristotle",
"R.H. Whittaker (1969)",
"Charles Darwin"
],
"answer": 3,
"explanation": "R.H. Whittaker proposed the Five Kingdom Classification in 1969, grouping organisms into Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae and Animalia."
}
{
"question_no": 9,
"exam": "NCERT",
"question": "The kingdoms defined by Whittaker were named _____________.",
"options": [
"Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae and Animalia",
"Monera, Protista, Plantae and Animalia",
"Archaea, Bacteria, Plantae, Fungi and Animalia",
"Protista, Fungi, Bryophyta, Plantae and Animalia"
],
"answer": 1,
"explanation": "Whittaker's Five Kingdom system classified all organisms into Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae and Animalia."
}
{
"question_no": 10,
"exam": "NCERT",
"question": "The main criteria for classification used by Whittaker include _____________.",
"options": [
"Cell structure, body organisation, mode of nutrition, reproduction and phylogenetic relationships",
"Habitat, lifespan, colour and economic importance",
"Size, shape, locomotion and behaviour",
"Respiration, circulation, excretion and growth"
],
"answer": 1,
"explanation": "Whittaker used multiple criteria such as cell structure, level of organisation, nutrition, reproduction and evolutionary relationships for classification."
}
{
"question_no": 11,
"exam": "NCERT",
"question": "In the Monera kingdom, the cell type is _____________, the cell wall is _____________, the nuclear membrane is _____________, the body organisation is _____________, and the mode of nutrition is _____________.",
"options": [
"Prokaryotic; Non-cellulosic (polysaccharide + amino acid); Absent; Cellular; Autotrophic (chemosynthetic and photosynthetic) and heterotrophic (saprophytic/parasitic)",
"Eukaryotic; Present with cellulose; Present; Tissue/organ; Autotrophic (photosynthetic)",
"Eukaryotic; Present with chitin; Present; Multicellular/loose tissue; Heterotrophic (saprophytic/parasitic)",
"Eukaryotic; Absent; Present; Tissue/organ/organ system; Heterotrophic (holozoic)"
],
"answer": 1,
"explanation": "Monera consists of prokaryotic organisms with a non-cellulosic cell wall, no nuclear membrane, cellular organisation, and diverse modes of nutrition."
}
{
"question_no": 12,
"exam": "NCERT",
"question": "In the Protista kingdom, the cell type is _____________, the cell wall is _____________, the nuclear membrane is _____________, the body organisation is _____________, and the mode of nutrition is _____________.",
"options": [
"Eukaryotic; Present in some; Present; Cellular; Autotrophic (photosynthetic) and heterotrophic",
"Prokaryotic; Absent; Absent; Cellular; Holozoic",
"Eukaryotic; Present with chitin; Present; Multicellular/loose tissue; Heterotrophic (saprophytic/parasitic)",
"Eukaryotic; Present with cellulose; Present; Tissue/organ; Autotrophic (photosynthetic)"
],
"answer": 1,
"explanation": "Protists are eukaryotic, mostly unicellular organisms with diverse nutritional modes."
}
{
"question_no": 13,
"exam": "NCERT",
"question": "In the Fungi kingdom, the cell type is _____________, the cell wall is _____________, the nuclear membrane is _____________, the body organisation is _____________, and the mode of nutrition is _____________.",
"options": [
"Eukaryotic; Present with cellulose; Present; Tissue/organ; Autotrophic (photosynthetic)",
"Eukaryotic; Present with chitin; Present; Multicellular/loose tissue; Heterotrophic (saprophytic/parasitic)",
"Prokaryotic; Non-cellulosic; Absent; Cellular; Heterotrophic",
"Eukaryotic; Absent; Present; Tissue/organ system; Holozoic"
],
"answer": 2,
"explanation": "Fungi possess chitinous cell walls and are heterotrophic by absorption."
}
{
"question_no": 14,
"exam": "NCERT",
"question": "In the Plantae kingdom, the cell type is _____________, the cell wall is _____________, the nuclear membrane is _____________, the body organisation is _____________, and the mode of nutrition is _____________.",
"options": [
"Eukaryotic; Present with cellulose; Present; Tissue/organ; Autotrophic (photosynthetic)",
"Eukaryotic; Present with chitin; Present; Multicellular/loose tissue; Heterotrophic",
"Prokaryotic; Non-cellulosic; Absent; Cellular; Autotrophic",
"Eukaryotic; Absent; Present; Tissue/organ system; Holozoic"
],
"answer": 1,
"explanation": "Plants are multicellular autotrophs with cellulose cell walls."
}
{
"question_no": 15,
"exam": "NCERT",
"question": "In the Animalia kingdom, the cell type is _____________, the cell wall is _____________, the nuclear membrane is _____________, the body organisation is _____________, and the mode of nutrition is _____________.",
"options": [
"Eukaryotic; Present with cellulose; Present; Tissue/organ; Autotrophic",
"Eukaryotic; Present with chitin; Present; Multicellular/loose tissue; Saprophytic",
"Eukaryotic; Absent; Present; Tissue/organ/organ system; Heterotrophic (Holozoic/Saprophytic etc.)",
"Prokaryotic; Absent; Absent; Cellular; Holozoic"
],
"answer": 3,
"explanation": "Animals lack cell walls and show the highest level of body organisation."
}
{
"question_no": 16,
"exam": "NCERT",
"question": "Table 2.1 gives a comparative account of different\ncharacteristics of the five kingdoms.\nThe three-domain system has also been proposed that divides the Kingdom\nMonera into two domains, leaving the remaining eukaryotic kingdoms in the\nthird domain and thereby a six kingdom classification. You will learn about\nthis system in detail in higher classes.\nLet us look at this five kingdom classification to understand the issues\nand considerations that influenced the classification system. Earlier\nclassification systems included bacteria, blue green algae, fungi, mosses,\nferns, gymnosperms and the angiosperms under _____________.",
"options": [
"Animalia",
"Protista",
"Plants",
"Monera"
],
"answer": 3,
"explanation": "Earlier systems grouped many diverse organisms together under the plant kingdom based mainly on superficial similarities."
}
{
"question_no": 17,
"exam": "NCERT",
"question": "The character that unified this whole kingdom was that all the organisms included had a _____________ in their cells. This placed together groups which widely differed in _____________.",
"options": [
"Cell wall; Other characteristics",
"Nucleus; Habitat",
"Chloroplast; Reproduction",
"Cell membrane; Nutrition"
],
"answer": 1,
"explanation": "Earlier classifications grouped organisms mainly based on the presence of a cell wall, despite major differences in their other features."
}
{
"question_no": 18,
"exam": "NCERT",
"question": "It brought together the prokaryotic bacteria and the blue green algae (cyanobacteria) with other groups which were _____________.",
"options": [
"Autotrophic",
"Multicellular",
"Eukaryotic",
"Parasitic"
],
"answer": 3,
"explanation": "Earlier classification systems grouped prokaryotic organisms like bacteria and cyanobacteria with eukaryotic organisms, despite their fundamental differences."
}
{
"question_no": 19,
"exam": "NCERT",
"question": "It also grouped together the unicellular organisms and the multicellular ones; for example, Chlamydomonas and Spirogyra were placed together under _____________.",
"options": [
"Fungi",
"Protista",
"Algae",
"Bryophyta"
],
"answer": 3,
"explanation": "Earlier classifications placed both unicellular Chlamydomonas and multicellular Spirogyra under algae despite differences in their level of organisation."
}
{
"question_no": 20,
"exam": "NCERT",
"question": "The classification did not differentiate between the _____________ group - fungi, and the _____________ green plants, though fungi had chitin in their walls while green plants had a cellulosic cell wall.",
"options": [
"Autotrophic; Heterotrophic",
"Prokaryotic; Eukaryotic",
"Heterotrophic; Autotrophic",
"Saprophytic; Parasitic"
],
"answer": 3,
"explanation": "Fungi are heterotrophic, whereas green plants are autotrophic, and they also differ in the composition of their cell walls."
}
{
"question_no": 21,
"exam": "NCERT",
"question": "When such characteristics were considered, the fungi were placed in a separate kingdom – Kingdom _____________.",
"options": [
"Protista",
"Monera",
"Fungi",
"Plantae"
],
"answer": 3,
"explanation": "The unique nutritional mode and chitinous cell wall of fungi led to their placement in a separate kingdom."
}
{
"question_no": 22,
"exam": "NCERT",
"question": "All _____________ organisms were grouped together under Kingdom Monera and the _____________ organisms were placed in Kingdom Protista.",
"options": [
"Eukaryotic; Multicellular",
"Prokaryotic; Unicellular eukaryotic",
"Autotrophic; Heterotrophic",
"Multicellular; Prokaryotic"
],
"answer": 2,
"explanation": "Monera includes all prokaryotic organisms, whereas Protista comprises unicellular eukaryotic organisms."
}
{
"question_no": 23,
"exam": "NCERT",
"question": "Kingdom _____________ has brought together Chlamydomonas, Chlorella (earlier placed in Algae within Plants and both having cell walls) with Paramoecium and Amoeba (which were earlier placed in the animal kingdom which lack cell wall).",
"options": [
"Monera",
"Fungi",
"Protista",
"Animalia"
],
"answer": 3,
"explanation": "Protista groups diverse unicellular eukaryotes together, irrespective of the presence or absence of a cell wall."
}
{
"question_no": 24,
"exam": "NCERT",
"question": "It has put together organisms which, in earlier classifications, were placed in different kingdoms. This happened because the criteria for classification changed. This kind of changes will take place in future too depending on the improvement in our understanding of _____________ and _____________.",
"options": [
"Characteristics; Evolutionary relationships",
"Habitats; Economic importance",
"Nutrition; Reproduction",
"Morphology; Behaviour"
],
"answer": 1,
"explanation": "Classification systems continue to evolve as our knowledge of organismal characteristics and evolutionary relationships improves."
}
{
"question_no": 25,
"exam": "NCERT",
"question": "Over time, an attempt has been made to evolve a classification system which reflects not only the morphological, physiological and reproductive similarities, but is also _____________.",
"options": [
"Morphological, i.e., based on external features",
"Physiological, i.e., based on body functions",
"Phylogenetic, i.e., based on evolutionary relationships",
"Ecological, i.e., based on habitat"
],
"answer": 3,
"explanation": "Modern classification aims to reflect evolutionary relationships among organisms in addition to their similarities."
}
{
"question_no": 26,
"exam": "NCERT",
"question": "In this chapter we will study characteristics of Kingdoms Monera, Protista and Fungi of the _____________ system of classification. The Kingdoms Plantae and Animalia, commonly referred to as plant and animal kingdoms, respectively, will be dealt separately in chapters 3 and 4.",
"options": [
"Linnaeus",
"Aristotle",
"Whittaker",
"Darwin"
],
"answer": 3,
"explanation": "Whittaker's Five Kingdom system forms the basis for studying Monera, Protista and Fungi in this chapter."
}